Well, that's kind of an off question for the "Casual" thread since it's really anything but. Still, I'll give you the basic rundown.
The game runs at 60 FPS, meaning there are 60 frames per second. As such, frames are used to measure time. So an action that takes 60 frames would take 1 full second. An action that is 30 frames would take half a second and an action that is 120 frames would takes two seconds, etc.
Frame data is usually displayed like this:
13 (2) 19
The first number represents the "initial" frames, or the amount of frames required before the move becomes "active." You will see initial frames often referred to simply as "iframes," such as "i13."
The second number is the "active" frames, or the number of frames that the move is actually working. In our example above, the move would take 13 frames before it would become "active" and could actually hit someone. It would become active on the first active frame (the 14th frame, because it requires all 13 initial frames and becomes active on the first active frame) where is remains able to hit someone for two frames.
The third number represent the "recovery" frames, or the number of frames after the active frames that the move is required to do before the player is allowed to perform a new action.
Then you have hit properties. For example,
Block -9 | NH -5 | CH Cr(30-22)
So, Block: if the move was blocked, you will be immobilized for 9 whole frames where your opponent is not. So they can now perform slower moves and still beat out your faster options. To calculate this, just use simple arithmetic by adding 9 to the initial frames of any action you would consider performing.
NH: This is the amount of frames you receive if the move connects on NH. at -5, you would be immobilized for 5 frames that your opponent isn't. Same principle as the block.
CH: These are the frames you'd be granted on Counter Hit. You would get +30 frames where you can input things while your opponent is stuck in stun (unless they slow escape, which reduces this time down to only 22 frames).
edit: looks like I got ninja'd by
@werewolfgold